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Cooperation in dependent situation
: experiment on dyads.
Samuel Delepoulle,
Jean-Claude Darcheville & Philippe Preux
Université de Lille III et Université
du Littoral, France
The essential aspect of any cooperation
procedure is based on two properties (Hake and Vukelich,1972;
Hake and Olvera, 1978). The first is that the reinforcers of
an individual are at least dependant upon the responses of another
individual. The second property is to result in an equitable
division of responses and reinforcers.
In that framework, cooperative behavior sets a problem for a
selectionist approach because we have to explain how such a behavior
can be selected, whereas it does not have any apparent consequence.
In order to investigate the evolution of cooperative behaviors,
we use a situation of dependent cooperation which is very similar
to the one of Sidowski’s (Sidowski, 1957). Two subjects
of a dyad cannot influence their own reinforcement but they control
the reinforcement of the other subject's behavior. We show that
a cooperative behavior (exchange of reinforcements) can appear
in this situation even without any communication between subjects.
We also show that the apparition of coordination (synchronous
behaviors) influences the development of cooperation. Reciprocally,
the cooperation between the two members of the dyad controls
their coordination.
We use a computer simulation to verify how behavioral dynamics
can explain the evolution of cooperation in such a situation.
Keywords: cooperation, coordination,
social behavior, dyads, computer simulation. |